Ginny Sack picture collage shirt
The Ginny Sack picture collage shirt thing here is not that we haven’t found aliens, but that we are learning so much about the universe so quickly. 20 years ago nobody knew that there are huge underground oceans on Europa and Enceladus, and methane lakes on Titan. 40 years ago there was no evidence of life at hydrothermal vents or life in deep ocean sediments—organisms that use forms of biology quite unlike that of the familiar organisms here on the surface. 25 years ago there was no evidence of even a single planet around another star! Now we know of thousands. The real number, in our galaxy alone, is probably hundreds of billions. The appropriate attitude here, I’d say, is a mix of giddiness and caution. Giddiness, because the rate of discovery right now is downright astonishing. Caution, because we still have so far to go in answering the big question: Are we alone?

Ginny Sack picture collage shirt, Hoodie, Sweater, Vneck, Unisex and T-shirt
Best Ginny Sack picture collage shirt
The water at the strike site boils into vapor. The electric potential at the Ginny Sack picture collage shirt site (possibly one million volts versus the ground state of the water (one million volts per one professor many years ago; measurements of lightning voltage are sparse)) will cause a voltage drop to remote earth ground (“earth ground” meaning to zero volts). The resistance of the water (less for salt water, more for fresh water) determines how far away the electric field takes to drop to zero. Within a near distance of the strike, the volts per meter will still cause a lethal shock potential. Lightning strikes on earth have caused fatal shocks for persons lying on the earth with one end of the body toward the strike and another end away from the strike because of voltage drops away from the strike, while others who were lying perpendicular to the strike/distance direction were not killed, because in the latter case the voltage drop was much smaller across the distance of the contact with the ground. I have personally seen the after-effects of lightning strikes . One hit a tree in a campground I was in. The lightning hit a tree, traveled down to the ground, and then into the ground. The ground under the tree was raised six inches above the surrounding ground out to the drip line of the tree (the effective range of the roots of the tree). That was because the water in the ground out to that distance boiled into steam and, effectively, exploded.
